The best way to monitor the keyboard activity of your computer is to install a keylogger. A keylogger records all keys pressed and saves that information to an easy to read text log. Keyloggers work well for recording instant message conversation and keeping track of Internet whereabouts.
Step 1Step 2
Check the 'Monitor all users' box in the configuration wizard. Click the 'Next' button.
Step 3
Select the records you want to record. Specifically, to record keyboard history, make sure the 'Keystrokes Typed', 'Clipboard', and 'Chat Activity' boxes are checked.
Step 4
Decided how you want to receive the log. You can view it on your computer or have it emailed to you. Enter your email information if you want it sent via email.
Select the level of invisibility. Hiding the program will make it easier to keep your intentions hidden and lessens the chance of someone finding the software. Click 'Next'. Verify and finalize your settings. The keylogger is now active.
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Person typing on a notebook computer keyboard
Video of typing on a notebook computer keyboard
Typing is the process of writing or inputting text by pressing keys on a typewriter, computer keyboard, cell phone, or calculator. It can be distinguished from other means of text input, such as handwriting and speech recognition. Text can be in the form of letters, numbers and other symbols. The world's first typist was Lillian Sholes from Wisconsin,[1][2] the daughter of Christopher Sholes, who invented the first practical typewriter.[1]
User interface features such as spell checker and autocomplete serve to facilitate and speed up typing and to prevent or correct errors the typist may make.
Technique[edit]Touch typing[edit]
Typing zones on a QWERTY keyboard for each finger taken from KTouch (home row keys are circled)
The basic technique stands in contrast to hunt and peck typing in which the typist keeps his or her eyes on the source copy at all times. Touch typing also involves the use of the home row method, where typists keep their wrists up, rather than resting them on a desk or keyboard (which can cause carpal tunnel syndrome). To avoid this, typists should sit up tall, leaning slightly forward from the waist, place their feet flat on the floor in front of them with one foot slightly in front of the other, and keep their elbows close to their sides with forearms slanted slightly upward to the keyboard; fingers should be curved slightly and rest on the home row.
Many touch typists also use keyboard shortcuts when typing on a computer. This allows them to edit their document without having to take their hands off the keyboard to use a mouse. An example of a keyboard shortcut is pressing the Ctrl key plus the S key to save a document as they type, or the Ctrl key plus the Z key to undo a mistake. Many experienced typists can feel or sense when they have made an error and can hit the â Backspace key and make the correction with no increase in time between keystrokes.
Hunt and peck[edit]
Hunt and peck (two-fingered typing) is a common form of typing in which the typist presses each key individually. Instead of relying on the memorized position of keys, the typist must find each key by sight. Use of this method may also prevent the typist from being able to see what has been typed without glancing away from the keys. Although good accuracy may be achieved, any typing errors that are made may not be noticed immediately due to the user not looking at the screen. There is also the disadvantage that because fewer fingers are used, those that are used are forced to move a much greater distance.
Civilian Conservation Corps typing class, 1933
Hybrid[edit]
There are many idiosyncratic typing styles in between novice-style 'hunt and peck' and touch typing. For example, many 'hunt and peck' typists have the keyboard layout memorized and are able to type while focusing their gaze on the screen. Some use just two fingers, while others use 3â6 fingers. Some use their fingers very consistently, with the same finger being used to type the same character every time, while others vary the way they use their fingers.
One study examining 30 subjects, of varying different styles and expertise, has found minimal difference in typing speed between touch typists and self-taught hybrid typists.[3] According to the study, 'The number of fingers does not determine typing speed.. People using self-taught typing strategies were found to be as fast as trained typists.. instead of the number of fingers, there are other factors that predict typing speed.. fast typists.. keep their hands fixed on one position, instead of moving them over the keyboard, and more consistently use the same finger to type a certain letter.' To quote doctoral candidate Anna Feit: 'We were surprised to observe that people who took a typing course, performed at similar average speed and accuracy, as those that taught typing to themselves and only used 6 fingers on average'
Buffering[edit]
Some people combine touch typing and hunt and peck by using a buffering method. In the buffer method, the typist looks at the source copy, mentally stores one or several sentences, then looks at the keyboard and types out the buffer of sentences. This eliminates frequent up and down motions with the head and is used in typing competitions in which the typist is not well versed in touch typing.[clarification needed] Not normally used in day-to-day contact with keyboards, this buffer method is used only when time is of the essence.[citation needed]
Thumbing[edit]
A late 20th century trend in typing, primarily used with devices with small keyboards (such as PDAs and Smartphones), is thumbing or thumb typing. This can be accomplished using one or both thumbs. Similar to desktop keyboards and input devices, if a user overuses keys which need hard presses and/or have small and unergonomic layouts, it could cause thumb tendonitis or other repetitive strain injury.[citation needed]
Words per minute[edit]
Words per minute (WPM) is a measure of typing speed, commonly used in recruitment. For the purposes of WPM measurement a word is standardized to five characters or keystrokes. Therefore, 'brown' counts as one word, but 'mozzarella' counts as two.
The benefits of a standardized measurement of input speed are that it enables comparison across language and hardware boundaries. The speed of an Afrikaans-speaking operator in Cape Town can be compared with a French-speaking operator in Paris.
Alphanumeric entry[edit]
In one study of average computer users, the average rate for transcription was 33 words per minute, and 19 words per minute for composition.[4] In the same study, when the group was divided into 'fast', 'moderate' and 'slow' groups, the average speeds were 40 wpm, 35 wpm, and 23 wpm respectively. An average professional typist reaches 50 to 80 wpm, while some positions can require 80 to 95 wpm (usually the minimum required for dispatch positions and other typing jobs), and some advanced typists work at speeds above 120 wpm.[5][6] Two-finger typists, sometimes also referred to as 'hunt and peck' typists, commonly reach sustained speeds of about 37 wpm for memorized text and 27 wpm when copying text, but in bursts may be able to reach speeds of 60 to 70 wpm.[7] From the 1920s through the 1970s, typing speed (along with shorthand speed) was an important secretarial qualification and typing contests were popular and often publicized by typewriter companies as promotional tools.
A less common measure of the speed of a typist, CPM is used to identify the number of characters typed per minute. This is a common measurement for typing programs, or typing tutors, as it can give a more accurate measure of a person's typing speed without having to type for a prolonged period of time. The common conversion factor between WPM and CPM is 5. It is also used occasionally for associating the speed of a reader with the amount they have read. CPM has also been applied to 20th century printers, but modern faster printers more commonly use PPM (pages per minute).
The fastest typing speed ever, 216 words per minute, was achieved by Stella Pajunas-Garnand from Chicago in 1946 in one minute on an IBM electric[8][9][10][11] using the QWERTY key layout.[12][13] As of 2005, writer Barbara Blackburn was the fastest English language typist in the world, according to The Guinness Book of World Records. Using the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard, she had maintained 150 wpm for 50 minutes, and 170 wpm for shorter periods, with a peak speed of 212 wpm. Blackburn, who failed her QWERTY typing class in high school, first encountered the Dvorak keyboard in 1938, quickly learned to achieve very high speeds, and occasionally toured giving speed-typing demonstrations during her secretarial career. She appeared on Late Night with David Letterman on January 24, 1985, but felt that Letterman made a spectacle of her.[14][15] Blackburn died in April 2008.[14]
The recent emergence of several competitive typing websites has allowed several fast typists on computer keyboards to emerge along with new records, though these are unverifiable for the most part. Two of the most notable online records that are considered genuine are 251.21 wpm on an English text on typingzone.com by Brazilian Guilherme Sandrini (equivalent to 301.45 wpm using the traditional definition for words per minute since this site defines a word as six characters rather than five)[16] and 256 wpm (a record caught on video) on TypeRacer by American Sean Wrona, the inaugural Ultimate Typing Championship winner, which was considered the highest ever legitimate score ever set on the site, until Wrona claimed it has been surpassed.[17] Both of these records are essentially sprint speeds on short text selections lasting much less than one minute and were achieved on the QWERTY keyboard.Wrona also maintained 174 wpm on a 50-minute test taken on hi-games.net, another online typing website to unofficially displace Blackburn as the fastest endurance typist, although disputes might still arise over differences in the difficulty of the texts as well as Wrona's use of a modern computer keyboard as opposed to the typewriter used by Blackburn. [18][19]
Using a personalized interface, physicistStephen Hawking, who suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, managed to type 15 wpm with a switch and adapted software created by Walt Woltosz. Due to a slowdown of his motor skills, his interface was upgraded with an infrared camera that detected 'twitches in the cheek muscle under the eye.'[20] His typing speed decreased to approximately one word per minute in the later part of his life.[21]
Numeric entry[edit]
The numeric entry, or 10-key, speed is a measure of one's ability to manipulate a numeric keypad.
Text-entry research[edit]Error analysis[edit]
With the introduction of computers and word-processors, there has been a change in how text-entry is performed. In the past, using a typewriter, speed was measured with a stopwatch and errors were tallied by hand. With the current technology, document preparation is more about using word-processors as a composition aid, changing the meaning of error rate and how it is measured. Research performed by R. William Soukoreff and I. Scott MacKenzie, has led to a discovery of the application of a well-known algorithm. Through the use of this algorithm and accompanying analysis technique, two statistics were used, minimum string distance error rate (MSD error rate) and keystrokes per character (KSPC). The two advantages of this technique include:
Deconstructing the text input process[edit]
Through analysis of keystrokes, the keystrokes of the input stream were divided into four classes: Correct (C), Incorrect Fixed (IF), Fixes (F), and Incorrect Not Fixed (INF). These key stroke classification are broken down into the following
Using these classes, the Minimum String Distance Error Rate and the Key Strokes per Character statistics can both be calculated.
Minimum string distance error rate[edit]
The minimum string distance (MSD) is the number of 'primitives' which is the number of insertions, deletions, or substitutions to transform one string into another. The following equation was found for the MSD Error Rate
![]()
MSD Error Rate = (INF/(C+INF))â100%{displaystyle (INF/(C+INF))*100%}
Key strokes per character (KSPC)[edit]
With the minimum string distance error, errors that are corrected do not appear in the transcribed text. The following example will show you why this is an important class of errors to consider:
Presented Text: the quick brown
Input Stream: the quix<-ck brown Transcribed Text: the quick brown
in the above example, the incorrect character ('x') was deleted with a backspace ('<-'). Since these errors do not appear in the transcribed text, the MSD error rate is 0%. This is why there is the key strokes per character (KSPC) statistic.
KSPC = (C+INF+IF+F)/(C+INF){displaystyle (C+INF+IF+F)/(C+INF)}
The three shortcomings of the KSPC statistic are listed below:
Further metrics[edit]
Using the classes described above, further metrics were defined by R. William Soukoreff and I.Scott MacKenzie:
Error correction efficiency refers to the ease with which the participant performed error correction.
Typing History On Computer Games
Participant conscientiousness is the ratio of corrected errors to the total number of error, which helps distinguish perfectionists from apathetic participants.
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If C represents the amount of useful information transferred, INF, IF, and F represent the proportion of bandwidth wasted.
Total error rate[edit]
The classes described also provide an intuitive definition of total error rate:
Since these three error rates are ratios, they are comparable between different devices, something that cannot be done with the KSPC statistic, which is device dependent.[22]
Tools for text entry research[edit]
Currently, two tools are publicly available for text entry researchers to record text entry performance metrics. The first is TEMA[23] that runs only on the Android (operating system). The second is WebTEM that runs on any device with a modern Web browser, and works with almost all text entry technique.[24]
Keystroke dynamics[edit]
Keystroke dynamics, or typing dynamics, is the obtaining of detailed timing information that describes exactly when each key was pressed and when it was released as a person is typing at a computer keyboard for the identification of humans by their characteristics or traits,[25] similar to speaker recognition.[26] Data needed to analyze keystroke dynamics is obtained by keystroke logging.
The behavioral biometric of Keystroke Dynamics uses the manner and rhythm in which an individual types characters on a keyboard or keypad.[27]
See also[edit]
War correspondent typing his dispatch in a wood outside Arnhem, 1944
References[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Typing&oldid=904723207'
As with many inventions, there were many different inventions including the typewriter, teleprinters, and keypunches that helped lead up to the modern computer keyboard we use today. The first writing devices were designed as early as the 1700s and the first to be patented was by Henry Mill in London England in 1714.
The invention of the typewriter
During the mid and late 1700s and early 1800s, several typing and writing devices were created around the world. However, the first practical typewriter and the word 'Type-Writer' was first developed and patented in 1868 by Christopher Sholes and is considered to be the first typewriter. Also, the Type-Writer introduced the QWERTY layout, which is still used on almost all US keyboards today. Below is a picture of the Type-Writer that was created by Christopher Sholes, Carlos Glidden, and Samuel W. Soule.
The first keyboard to have a Shift key was introduced on the Remington No. 2 typewriter introduced in 1878 that had one Shift key on the left side of the keyboard.
The first successful modern typewriter is considered to be the Underwood typewriter that sold five million of its typewriters by 1939. The first Underwood typewriter was invented by Franz Xaver Wagner who patented the typewriter on April 27, 1893, U.S. patent 523,698. One of the biggest improvements for this typewriter was the ability to see the writing as it was typed. Later with the help of John Underwood, they created the Underwood company in 1895 and released its first typewriter in 1896. In the picture to the right is a woman next to an Underwood typewriter.
By the early 1900s, typewriters from all manufacturers began to become more alike, until IBM introduced its IBM Selectric typewriter on July 27, 1961. Unlike other typewriters, it used a typeball which was small ball containing characters that would strike an ink ribbon. The typeballs were also removable, which allowed the user to clean them when needed and even change to other typeballs for a replacement or modify the font. By 1986, more than 13 million Selectric typewriters had been sold.
The invention of the telegraph, keypunch, and teleprinter
During the late 1700s, Joseph Marie Jacquard developed the Jacquard Loom that was later expanded upon in the late 1800s and early 1900s by Herman Hollerith with his keypunch inventions.
The electrical telegraph was first invented by Pavel Schilling in 1832 and allowed for a single key to be used to send Morse code messages over a line. Later, Royal Earl House patented a printing telegraph in 1846 that used 28 piano-style keys. The keys were used to represent each letter in the alphabet and make it easier for everyone to send messages.
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In 1874, Emile Baudot invented the Baudot code that was later extended by Donald Murray who invented the telegraphic typewriter that would later help become the teleprinter. Charles Krum continued on Frank Pearne work to help invent the teleprinter that was developed from 1902 to 1918. During this time he filed patent U.S. patent 862,402 in August 1907, patent 888,335 in May 1908, and patent 1,286,351 in May 1910.
First computing devices with teletype machines
The first digital computer known as the ENIAC that was completed in 1946 used a teletype machine to input data into the computer. Although much different than today's computer keyboards, the teletype machine punched holes into a punch card and then was fed into a card-reader.
Later in 1948, the BINAC computer took it a step closer to today's computers by making the teletype electromagnetically controlled which allowed the computer to input data and print results.
Early computers with keyboards
Several years later after the introduction of MULTICS in 1964 and VDTs (video display terminals) that allowed users to see what they are typing on a screen as they typed.
In 1969, the Computer Terminal Corporation began shipping the DataPoint 3300 which was the first computer terminal meant to replace the teleprinter. As well as being sold as the DataPoint 3300, other versions of this terminal was also marketed as the DEC VT06 and the HP 2600A. The DataPoint 3300 used a screen display typed text and was capable of moving the cursor using arrow keys. It could also clear all text to the end of the line or end of the screen.
Throughout the early 1970s, keyboards began to resemble what we use today and were heavy mechanical keyboards or converted electric typewriters from companies like IBM. However, earlier personal computers like the Altair still relied off switches on the front of the computer to input data.
In the late 1970s, Apple, Radio Shack, and Commodore all released versions of their computers with keyboards that came included with the computer. In August 1981, IBM released the IBM PC and a keyboard known as the Model F.
In 1986, IBM released the Model M keyboard that resembles what most keyboards look like today with the function keys across the top of the keyboard. The Model M is still a highly regarded keyboard even today, as it introduced the 101-key standard US layout that is used today for full sized keyboards. It has also been adapted to the 104-key layout for Windows keyboards with the Windows keys and Menu keys.
Since the release of the IBM Model M keyboard, there have been many changes to the keyboard we use today. One of the most significant changes is moving from a mechanical switch to a membrane. A membrane makes it much easier and cheaper to manufacturer computer keyboards. A membrane keyboard also makes the keyboard quieter, lighter, and thinner than the first mechanical keyboards.
Additional information
Windows 10
Start - Settings - Ease of Access - Keyboard
Everything here is off. If i turn on the On-Screen Keyboard no keys are Highlighted (indicating they are depressed/stuck )
When I use the hard keyboard and sometimes even the onscreen keyboard its as if either Ctrl, Alt Win or something are pressed down as it just types shortcuts.
EG:
-H- typed into chrome browser address bar via onscreen keyboard types as normal
-H- typed into chrome browser address bar via hard keyboard brings up -Chrome://history- But now also on the onscreen keyboard Ctrl is Highlighted.
I click on the onscreen keyboard to deactivate the now highlighted Ctrl button and try again. Now things are different, as now both the onscreen keyboard and the hard keyboard both bring up âChrome://history- when -H- is typed ( Shift is not depressed )
This seems to randomly cycle one min onscreen keyboard works fine, next the keyboard works fine or they either work or none of the work rendering the computer useless.
I cant help feel itâs a software issue but im no pro and I donât have an additional external keyboard to try but as the onscreen and hard keyboard work ok for a while sometimes I assume something is up and thatâs what brought me here.
Hopefully this is clear enough to be understood and to help others who may have the same issue.
Thank you so much for your time.
OTHER NOTES:
In -Device Manger â Keyboards-
The keyboard driver is dated 2006 so tried to update the driver but says I have the best driver software for my device is already installed. Noticed there are 2 entries for the HID Keyboard Device both are the same driver version. Maybe I should delete/uninstall one? Both (under event tab) , dated 310715 Device migrated, Device configured(keyboard.inf) and Device started (kbdhid). It was prob around this date I first started having probs.
Pressing Ctrl on hard keyboard highlights Ctrl on onscreen keyboard only whilst being pressed. Let go of the hard key, the soft key turns off.
Sometimes the 9 gets stuck and does 99999999999999999999999999999 but saying that I just restarted the machine and pressed the key -d- and it acted like a stuck 9 as in 999999999999999999999 not dddddddddddddddddddddddddddd. Very odd.
Ive NOT tried the following:
System restore (seems harsh)
So, there are multiple sites available which try to do nasty things, with your Computer. How to install minecraft mods 2019 2.
Rolling back the keyboard driver (not sure how on win 10 )
Deleting the keyboard from System (not sure how on win 10 )
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